Why Do Dogs Lick? Understanding Canine Behavior
Introduction to Canine Licking Behavior
If you’re a dog parent in South Africa, you’ve probably been on the receiving end of endless doggy kisses. Whether it’s a warm greeting after work in Johannesburg, a sandy lick after a beach run in Durban, or an affectionate nudge during a Cape Town braai, licking is part of daily life with dogs. But here’s the big question—why do dogs lick?
Licking isn’t random—it’s an instinct that goes back thousands of years. Long before domestication, wolves and wild canines licked to communicate, show submission, and even survive. Wolf pups would lick their mothers’ mouths to get food, and this habit has evolved into modern dogs’ way of expressing affection, curiosity, and sometimes even stress.
In South African homes, licking often gets interpreted as a sign of love, but it can mean so much more. For example, in our hot climate, your dog may lick your skin not out of affection but because sweat tastes salty. Dogs living in rural villages may lick wounds as a survival mechanism, while urban pets might lick furniture or their paws to cope with being left alone during long work hours.
From Soweto to Stellenbosch, and from Bloemfontein to Ballito, South African dogs live in diverse conditions. Understanding licking helps us build stronger bonds with them while also spotting when something might be wrong.
Communication Through Licking
Dogs don’t have WhatsApp, but they sure know how to send messages. One of their clearest signals? Licking.
When your dog licks your hands or face, it’s usually their way of saying, “I love you.” In many South African homes, where dogs are treated as family members, this behavior is welcomed with smiles and laughter. For example, a Boerboel guarding a Pretoria home might greet its owner with a big sloppy lick, not just out of affection but also as reassurance: “We’re safe, I’ve got you covered.”
But licking isn’t just about humans. In multi-dog households or rural settings where Africanis dogs roam freely, licking plays an important role in pack life. Submissive dogs lick dominant ones as a way of showing respect and avoiding conflict. This instinctive behavior keeps harmony within the group.
South African dog owners often notice licking during braais. Imagine sitting around a fire in Cape Town, enjoying boerewors, and your pup suddenly licks your leg. Is it love? Maybe. But more often, it’s a polite request: “Can I have some of that sausage?”
So what’s the takeaway? Licking is communication. Sometimes it’s affection, sometimes submission, sometimes curiosity, and sometimes a request. By watching body language—wagging tails, eye contact, or whining—you can better “read” the message behind your dog’s licks.
Licking as a Grooming and Healing Mechanism
One of the most natural reasons dogs lick is grooming. Even with the rise of pet salons and spas across South Africa, dogs still rely on licking to keep clean.
Self-grooming is especially common in rural areas. Africanis dogs, for example, are known for being hardy, low-maintenance companions. Without regular baths, they lick themselves to clean dirt, remove ticks, or soothe itchy skin. In areas where vet access is limited, this instinctive behavior can be a lifesaver.
Another key role of licking is healing. Dog saliva contains mild antibacterial enzymes, so they instinctively lick wounds. Many South African pet owners have noticed scratches healing after their dog “treated” them with licks. While this seems caring, excessive licking can actually slow healing or cause infections—so it’s a behavior worth monitoring.
Dogs don’t stop at grooming themselves. They’ll lick their owners too, especially if they sense a cut or scab. To them, it’s a way of “caring” for their human pack. Urban pets often lick as bonding rather than survival, but the instinct remains the same.
Here’s where the rural–urban difference comes in:
- Rural dogs lick more for hygiene and survival.
- Urban dogs lick more for bonding and attention.
Either way, licking is a deep-rooted instinct, and recognizing when it’s healthy—and when it’s not—helps South African pet parents keep their dogs happy and safe.
The Role of Taste and Smell in Licking
If you’ve just returned from a jog on Durban’s beachfront or a hike in the Drakensberg and your dog can’t stop licking you, the reason is simple: you taste good.
South Africa’s warm climate makes us sweat more, and sweat contains salts and minerals that dogs find tasty. So when your pup licks your arms after gardening in Pretoria or your legs after a run in Cape Town, they’re enjoying a natural “salty snack.”
But it’s not just sweat. Our South African lifestyle plays a big role in why dogs lick. Think of a braai: smoky boerewors, sizzling steaks, marinated chicken. Those smells linger on your hands, clothes, and even your skin. No wonder your dog follows you around licking—they’re tasting the remnants of your feast.
Climate also affects licking behavior. In drier regions like the Karoo, humans may produce different scents and sweat profiles than in humid KwaZulu-Natal. Dogs, with their ultra-sensitive noses, pick up on these subtle differences, making licking a sensory experience shaped by the local environment.
However, taste-driven licking can sometimes be risky. Lotions, perfumes, or even cleaning products on your skin can be harmful if ingested. South African dog owners should be mindful of what products they use—especially with pets that lick often.
Licking as a Sign of Stress or Anxiety
Not all licks are affectionate or taste-driven—sometimes, they’re a red flag. In South Africa’s bustling cities, many dogs are left alone for long hours while their humans work. For some dogs, this leads to separation anxiety, and licking becomes their coping mechanism.
For example, a Labrador in Sandton might spend hours licking its paws while its owner is at the office. This repetitive behavior releases endorphins, helping the dog feel calmer, but it can turn into an unhealthy obsession if not addressed.
Rescue dogs across South Africa often show stress-related licking too. Many have experienced neglect or trauma, leading to overgrooming. Shelters from Cape Town to Johannesburg frequently see dogs licking themselves raw due to stress. With love, enrichment, and medical care, many recover—but it’s a sign owners should never ignore.
Environmental stressors are also common. Thunderstorms in the Highveld can terrify pets, leading them to lick themselves or their owners for comfort. Fireworks during New Year’s Eve or Guy Fawkes have the same effect, leaving thousands of South African dogs anxious and licking excessively.
For pet parents, the key is to recognize when licking shifts from normal to compulsive. If your dog is licking furniture, their paws, or you nonstop, it’s worth consulting a vet or trainer. With the right support, anxiety-driven licking can be managed and reduced.
Licking and Health-Related Concerns
While most licking is harmless, South African dog parents need to be alert when it turns excessive. A little paw-licking after a muddy garden run? Normal. But constant licking, chewing, or biting at the skin? That’s a red flag.
One major concern in South Africa is parasites. Fleas and ticks are common in both rural and urban environments, and when a dog can’t stop licking a specific spot, it may be reacting to an infestation. This is especially noticeable in regions with warmer climates, like KwaZulu-Natal, where tick-borne diseases are more common. Similarly, in farming communities, dogs exposed to livestock may encounter mites or skin parasites that lead to obsessive licking.
Allergies are another culprit. South Africa’s diverse landscapes—from the pollen-heavy Highveld to the coastal grasses of the Cape—can trigger skin irritations in dogs. Allergic reactions often make dogs lick their paws, bellies, or legs excessively. For many pet parents, the first sign of an allergy isn’t sneezing or scratching, but licking.
Then there are infections and hot spots. Moisture, heat, and bacteria can combine to create painful skin irritations that dogs instinctively lick. Unfortunately, constant licking makes the problem worse, reopening wounds or spreading bacteria.
For South African dog owners, affordable veterinary care is available in most cities, but rural areas may lack immediate access. This makes prevention crucial: regular flea and tick treatments, allergy management, and early detection of skin issues can save both discomfort for the dog and costly vet visits later.
If your dog suddenly develops excessive licking habits, don’t ignore it. Look for triggers: is it seasonal (pollen)? Food-related (new diet)? Environmental (ticks after a hike)? The sooner you identify the cause, the sooner you can help your furry friend feel better.
Puppies and Licking – Early Development Stage
Puppies are expert lickers, and their reasons are slightly different from adults. In South Africa, where puppies are raised in both urban apartments and rural homesteads, licking is a vital part of their early development.
Mother dogs start the process by licking their puppies immediately after birth. This cleans them, stimulates breathing, and strengthens the bond. From there, puppies learn that licking is a way to communicate and survive. Just as wolf pups lick their mother’s mouth to trigger regurgitation, domestic puppies lick to signal hunger or to bond with their mother.
When puppies lick humans, it’s often a mix of curiosity and affection. Their world is brand new, and much like human babies, they explore through taste. In Johannesburg homes, you might see a young pup licking children’s hands as a way of getting familiar with new family members. On farms in Limpopo, puppies lick their littermates during play to strengthen bonds.
For South African pet parents, early training is important. While puppy licks are adorable, excessive licking can become a lifelong habit if not gently managed. Teaching boundaries early—like redirecting a puppy from licking your face to licking a chew toy—helps balance affection with discipline.
Puppies adopted from shelters in South Africa often use licking as a coping mechanism. Having gone through stress or early separation from their mothers, licking becomes their way of seeking comfort. With patience, socialization, and love, many of these pups adapt and learn healthier ways of bonding.
So while puppy licking is natural, it’s also an opportunity: an opportunity for training, bonding, and guiding them toward positive habits that will last a lifetime.
Licking in Different Dog Breeds in South Africa
Not all dogs lick the same way, and breed tendencies play a role. In South Africa, where breeds like the Boerboel, Africanis, German Shepherd, Labrador, and Jack Russell are common, each shows slightly different licking habits.
The Boerboel, South Africa’s beloved guardian breed, is known for its protective yet affectionate nature. They aren’t usually obsessive lickers, but when they do lick, it’s often reserved for close family members. Their licks carry weight—they’re like a stamp of approval saying, “You’re mine.”
The Africanis, a native South African breed, is hardy, independent, and deeply tied to pack instincts. In rural settings, they often lick as part of social bonding with other dogs. Their licking is more practical—cleaning wounds, strengthening pack harmony—than attention-seeking.
Labradors and Golden Retrievers, on the other hand, are famously affectionate and often enthusiastic lickers. Many South African families adore this because it feels like endless love. However, for owners, it sometimes requires boundary training.
Jack Russells and smaller breeds tend to lick more due to their high energy and anxious tendencies. These breeds, common in South African cities, may lick furniture, blankets, or their owners as a way to release pent-up energy.
Even working dogs like German Shepherds, often used in security roles across South Africa, may lick their handlers as a form of loyalty and submission.
Breed differences remind us that licking isn’t one-size-fits-all. It’s shaped by genetics, instincts, and environment. For South African dog owners, understanding your breed’s tendencies helps you better interpret whether licking is a sweet gesture or a sign of stress.
The Bond Between Dogs and Humans in South Africa
South Africa has a unique relationship with dogs. From city apartments to rural homesteads, dogs aren’t just pets—they’re guardians, companions, and family. Licking plays a key role in strengthening that bond.
In urban areas like Johannesburg or Cape Town, dogs often live in close quarters with their owners. Here, licking is a daily ritual of affection: a Labrador greeting you after work, a Dachshund jumping onto your lap for kisses, or a mixed-breed pup licking children during playtime. These moments deepen the sense of companionship.
In rural South Africa, dogs play more functional roles—guarding livestock, protecting homes, or hunting. Yet even here, licking is present. Africanis dogs may not be pampered like city pets, but they still lick their owners as a mark of loyalty. In many traditional households, this act is seen as proof of trust and belonging.
Interestingly, licking also bridges cultural perspectives. In some communities, dogs are primarily working animals, while in others, they’re beloved family members who sleep on the couch. Regardless of role, the lick remains universal—it’s a dog’s way of saying, “We’re connected.”
For South African pet parents, understanding this bond is vital. A lick isn’t just a random action—it’s an emotional exchange. When your dog licks you, they’re communicating love, dependence, or reassurance. Recognizing this helps you respond in ways that strengthen the bond—through affection, play, or simply spending more time together.
Training Dogs to Control Licking
While licking can be adorable, there’s no denying it can also become a problem. Some South African pet parents love doggy kisses, while others find it overwhelming—especially if their dog turns into a serial licker. Training helps strike a healthy balance.
The best approach is positive reinforcement. Instead of scolding a dog for licking, redirect the behavior. For instance, when your dog starts licking your hands during dinner, give them a chew toy instead. Reward them when they stop licking on command with treats or praise. Over time, they learn that restraint earns rewards.
Common mistakes South African owners make include punishing licking too harshly or encouraging it inconsistently. Imagine giving your dog attention when they lick your face one day but scolding them the next—it creates confusion. Consistency is key.
Professional dog trainers across South Africa emphasize training based on patience and clarity. In Cape Town or Durban, dog schools often teach commands like “leave it” or “no lick” as part of obedience classes. These simple cues can save frustration in daily life.
For rescue dogs or those with anxiety, training may need extra care. Behavioral specialists in Johannesburg, for example, often use enrichment games, scent work, and calm reassurance to reduce stress-driven licking.
At the end of the day, the goal isn’t to eliminate licking completely—it’s part of who dogs are. Instead, the aim is to manage it so that it’s affectionate and healthy, not excessive or disruptive.
Myths and Misconceptions About Licking
When it comes to dog behavior, myths spread faster than a WhatsApp chain message. In South Africa, where dogs are both companions and protectors, licking has its share of misunderstandings. Let’s break down the most common ones.
The first and most widespread myth is: “Dogs lick because they love you.” While love is often part of it, it’s not the whole story. Sometimes, your dog is simply tasting the salt on your skin or trying to get your attention. Interpreting every lick as love can cause owners to miss potential health or anxiety-related issues.
Another misconception is that dog saliva is always “healing.” True, canine saliva has mild antibacterial properties, which is why dogs instinctively lick wounds. But here’s the catch: excessive licking can actually reopen wounds or introduce harmful bacteria. In South African households, it’s common for owners to let dogs lick small cuts on their hands—but this isn’t always safe, especially when considering bacteria that thrive in warmer climates.
There are also cultural beliefs tied to licking. In some rural South African communities, licking is seen as a blessing, a dog’s way of transferring loyalty. In others, it’s viewed with suspicion, linked to unhygienic behavior. Both perspectives hold some truth, but science shows licking is neither mystical nor purely dirty—it’s instinctive.
Finally, some owners assume that if their dog licks excessively, it’s “just a habit.” In reality, it could signal allergies, parasites, or anxiety. Ignoring it can lead to bigger health problems.
The bottom line? Not every lick is a kiss. By separating myth from fact, South African pet parents can better understand what their dogs are really saying.
The Role of Nutrition in Licking
Believe it or not, your dog’s diet can directly influence their licking behavior. In South Africa, where pet parents choose between local brands and imported options, nutrition plays a bigger role than most realize.
Sometimes dogs lick because they’re missing certain nutrients. For instance, if a dog isn’t getting enough minerals or is on a low-quality diet, they may lick floors, walls, or even their owners’ skin to “fill the gap.” A shortage of essential fatty acids can also lead to dry, itchy skin, which triggers self-licking.
South Africa’s pet food market offers a wide range—from budget-friendly maize-based kibble to premium imported grain-free options. Local brands like Montego, Jock, and Husky are staples in many homes, while imported brands such as Royal Canin and Hill’s are popular in urban areas. Choosing the right food can make a noticeable difference in your dog’s licking habits.
Treats and human food also play a role. During braais, it’s common for dogs to lick up drippings or beg for scraps. Too much fatty or salty food, however, can cause digestive upset, leading to licking as a response to nausea or discomfort.
Veterinarians across South Africa often recommend balancing commercial dog food with fresh, dog-safe foods like lean meats, pumpkin, and sweet potato. Not only does this support overall health, but it can also reduce excessive licking caused by nutritional gaps.
If your dog suddenly starts licking obsessively, consider whether it’s linked to diet. A consultation with your vet can help identify whether a food allergy, deficiency, or poor-quality food is to blame.
Dogs Licking After Outdoor Activities
South Africa is blessed with outdoor beauty—hikes in the Drakensberg, beach runs in Cape Town, and farm life in the Free State. But many owners notice their dogs licking more after outdoor adventures. Why?
One reason is taste and scent. After a braai or picnic, your dog may lick your hands or clothes because of lingering food aromas. After a hike, they may lick their paws to clean off dirt, grass, or even the salty sweat from exercise.
But outdoor licking can also be a health concern. Dogs exploring fields or farms may pick up ticks, fleas, or burrs that irritate their skin. Licking becomes their way of soothing the irritation. In coastal areas, dogs that swim in the ocean often lick to remove the salty residue left on their fur.
There’s also the risk of toxins. In rural South Africa, pesticides or fertilizers used on crops can cling to grass and soil. If your dog licks their paws after running through treated areas, they could ingest harmful chemicals. Similarly, some indigenous plants may irritate the skin, leading to excessive licking.
For South African pet parents, the best practice after outdoor activities is simple: wipe your dog’s paws and body. A quick rinse or wipe-down prevents them from licking off dirt, salt, or harmful residues. It also gives you a chance to check for ticks, cuts, or thorns.
Outdoor life is part of our culture—but with a little care, we can ensure licking remains a harmless habit rather than a health risk.
Medical Reasons Behind Licking
Sometimes licking is more than behavior—it’s a medical symptom. For South African dog parents, knowing when licking signals illness can make a life-saving difference.
Pain relief is a common cause. Dogs lick sore joints or muscles to self-soothe. Older dogs with arthritis, common in large breeds like Boerboels or German Shepherds, may lick their legs or hips excessively.
Skin irritations and allergies are another major reason. South Africa’s hot climate and diverse plant life create plenty of triggers—from pollen in Gauteng to coastal grasses in Durban. Dogs may lick itchy spots until they create “hot spots,” painful patches that need medical attention.
Infections—both bacterial and fungal—often start with redness and irritation. Dogs instinctively lick the affected area, but this only spreads the problem further. Ear infections can also trigger licking, especially when dogs groom their paws to ease discomfort.
In rare cases, licking can even signal internal health problems. Some dogs lick excessively when nauseous, anxious, or dealing with gastrointestinal issues. If your dog is licking floors, walls, or objects obsessively, it could be a sign of nausea or discomfort.
South African vets stress the importance of not ignoring sudden changes. If your dog develops new licking habits—especially focused on one area—schedule a vet visit. Early treatment often prevents minor issues from becoming serious health problems.
Practical Tips for South African Dog Owners
By now, it’s clear that licking is normal—but sometimes it needs management. Here are practical tips tailored for South African pet parents:
- Understand the context. Is your dog licking after a braai? Probably food-driven. During a thunderstorm? Likely stress. Focus on the why before correcting the behavior.
- Check for health issues. Regularly inspect your dog’s skin, paws, and coat for ticks, fleas, or irritations—especially after outdoor adventures.
- Maintain good nutrition. Choose quality South African dog food and supplement with vet-approved fresh foods to prevent nutritional licking.
- Set boundaries. Use positive reinforcement to teach commands like “leave it” or “no lick.” Consistency is key.
- Provide enrichment. Toys, chew treats, and playtime reduce boredom-related licking, especially for urban dogs left alone during the day.
- Practice hygiene. After beach runs or hikes, rinse your dog’s paws and body to prevent salt, dirt, or chemicals from causing licking.
Managing licking isn’t about stopping it completely—it’s about ensuring it stays healthy, safe, and balanced.
Conclusion – Embracing and Managing Licking in Dogs
Licking is one of the most fascinating aspects of dog behavior. In South Africa, where dogs live such diverse lives—from rural guardians to city companions—it carries layers of meaning. Sometimes it’s love, sometimes it’s stress, and sometimes it’s simply the taste of last night’s boerewors.
By paying attention to when and why dogs lick, pet parents can strengthen their bond, prevent health issues, and respond in ways that support their dogs’ wellbeing. The key is awareness: not every lick is a kiss, and not every lick is a problem—but each one tells a story.
For South African dog owners, embracing licking as part of canine communication while managing its downsides is the best way to ensure happy, healthy relationships with our furry companions.
FAQ
For more information:
- Link to South African Veterinary Association (SAVA)
- Link to SPCA South Africa
